More complex examples of
hydrogen bonding
The hydration of negative ions
When an ionic substance dissolves in water, water molecules
cluster around the separated ions. This process is called hydration.
Water frequently attaches to positive ions by co-ordinate (dative
covalent) bonds. It bonds to negative ions using hydrogen bonds.
The diagram shows the potential hydrogen bonds formed to a
chloride ion, Cl-. Although the lone pairs in the chloride ion are at the 3-level
and wouldn't usually be active enough to form hydrogen bonds, in this case, they
are made more attractive by the full negative charge on the chlorine.
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