Monday, October 1, 2018

More complex examples of hydrogen bonding

More complex examples of hydrogen bonding

The hydration of negative ions




When an ionic substance dissolves in water, water molecules cluster around the separated ions. This process is called hydration.

Water frequently attaches to positive ions by co-ordinate (dative covalent) bonds. It bonds to negative ions using hydrogen bonds.



The diagram shows the potential hydrogen bonds formed to a chloride ion, Cl-. Although the lone pairs in the chloride ion are at the 3-level and wouldn't usually be active enough to form hydrogen bonds, in this case, they are made more attractive by the full negative charge on the chlorine.

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